This chapter of the Holy Qur'an is named after the Prophet (saww) and tafseer of its verses talk about the successor of the Prophet, Imam Ali (as).

Chapter: 47, Verse:1

ابن شهرآشوب: عن جعفر، وأبي جعفر (عليهما السلام) ، في قوله تعالى: الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا : يعني بني أمية وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ‏ عن ولاية علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام)

From Aba Jafar Imam Mohammad Baqir (asws),

About the saying of Allah (swt), "Those who disbelieved (47:1), meaning Bani Umayyah, and turned people away from the path of Allah (47:1) i.e. from the Wilayah of Ali ibn Abi Talib (asws).

[Source: al-Manaqib, Vol. 3, Pg. 72]

أخبرنا أحمد بن إدريس عن أحمد بن محمد عن الحسن بن العباس الحريشي عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام) قال قال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) بعد وفاة رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله) في المسجد والناس مجتمعون بصوت عال " الذين كفروا وصدوا عن سبيل الله أضل أعمالهم " فقال له ابن عباس: يا أبا الحسن لم قلت ما قلت؟ قال قرأت شيئا من القرآن، قال لقد قلته لامر، قال نعم ان الله يقول في كتابه " وما آتاكم الرسول فخذوه وما نهاكم عنه فانتهوا " أفتشهد على رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله) انه استخلف فلانا؟ قال: ما سمعت رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله) أوصى إلا اليك، قال: فهلا بايعتني؟ قال اجتمع الناس عليه فكنت منهم، فقال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) كما اجتمع أهل العجل على العجل ها هنا فتنتم ومثلكم كمثل الذي استوقد نارا فلما أضاءت ما حوله ذهب الله بنورهم وتركهم في ظلمات لا يبصرون صم بكم عمي فهم لا يرجعون

From Aba Jafar (asws) who said,

After the passing away of the Prophet (saww), Amir al-Momineen (asws) while in Masjid surrounded by people said in a loud voice, "Those who disbelieved and turned people away from the path of Allah (swt), He will make their deeds in vain" (47:1)

So Ibn Abbas said to the Imam (as), "Why did you say what you said?"

Imam Ali (as) replied, "I recited something from the Quran".

Ibn Abbas said, "You must have said it for some reason".

Imam Ali (as) said, "Yes, Allah (swt) says in His book, "Whatever the Prophet (saww) gives you, so take it and Whatever the Prophet (saww) forbids you from, then stay away from it" (59:7). So do you give witness upon the Prophet (saww) that he appointed so as so (i.e. Abu Bakr) as his Caliph?

Ibn Abbas said, "I did not hear the Prophet (saww) appoint anyone as executor of his will, except You."

Imam Ali (as) said, "Then why don't you give me Bayyat (allegiance)?"

Ibn Abbas said, "The people gather upon him (i.e. Abu Bakr), so I was from among them"

Amir al-Momineen (as) then said, "Like how the people of the calf gather upon (worship of) the calf. Its is here that you have been tested, and your example is like that of one who lighted a torch, and when it had lit up all around him, Allah took away their light, and left them sightless in manifold darkness, deaf, dumb, and blind, so they will not return back. (2:17-18)

[Source: Tafseer al-Qummi, Vol. 2, Pg. 301]

Chapter: 47, Verse: 2

علي بن إبراهيم، قال: أخبرنا الحسين بن محمد، عن المعلى بن محمد بإسناده، عن إسحاق بن عمار، قال: قال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): « وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ وَآمَنُوا بِما نُزِّلَ عَلى‏ مُحَمَّدٍ في علي‏ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ كَفَّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئاتِهِمْ وَأَصْلَحَ بالَهُمْ‏ ، هكذا نزلت

From Aba Abdillah Imam Sadiq (asws):

(About the verse), "And (as for) those who believe and do good, and believe in what has been revealed to Muhammad (saww) "regarding Imam Ali (as)", and it is the very truth from their Lord, He will remove their evil from them and improve their condition." (47:2) This is how the verse was revealed. 

[Source: Tafseer al-Qummi, Vol. 2, Pg. 301]

Chapter: 47, Verse: 9

ثم قال علي بن إبراهيم: حدثنا جعفر بن أحمد، قال: حدثنا عبد الكريم بن عبد الرحيم، عن محمد بن علي، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي حمزة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «نزل جبرئيل (عليه السلام) على رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله) بهذه الآية هكذا: ذلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَرِهُوا ما أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ‏ في علي‏ فَأَحْبَطَ الله‏ أَعْمالَهُمْ‏

From Aba Jafar Imam Sadiq (asws) who said:

Jibraeel descended upon the Prophet (saww) with this like verse like this, "That is because they hated what Allah revealed (47:9) "Regarding Ali (as)", so Allah (swt) rendered their deeds null."

[Source: Tafseer al-Qummi, Vol. 2, Pg. 302]