Chapter. 22, Verse. 15: Allah (swt) helps the Prophet (saww) through Imam Ali (asws) & what should those who who have problem with this do:

محمد بن العباس، قال: حدثنا محمد بن همام، عن محمد بن إسماعيل العلوي، عن عيسى بن داود النجار، قال: قال الإمام موسى بن جعفر (عليه السلام): «حدثني أبي، عن أبيه- أبي جعفر- (صلوات الله عليهم أجمعين): «أن النبي (صلى الله عليه وآله) قال ذات يوم: إن ربي وعدني نصرته، وأن يمدني بملائكته، وأنه ناصري بهم وبعلي أخي خاصة من بين أهلي؛ فاشتد ذلك على القوم أن خص عليا بالنصرة، وأغاظهم ذلك، فأنزل الله عز وجل: مَنْ كانَ يَظُنُّ أَنْ لَنْ يَنْصُرَهُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ فَلْيَمْدُدْ بِسَبَبٍ إِلَى السَّماءِ ثُمَّ لْيَقْطَعْ فَلْيَنْظُرْ هَلْ يُذْهِبَنَّ كَيْدُهُ ما يَغِيظُ - قال- ليضع حبلا فى عنقه إلى سماء بيته يمده حتى يختنق فيموت فينظر هل يذهبن كيده غيظه»

Narrated by Imam Musa Kazim (asws) from his father from Aba Jafar Imam Mohammad Baqir (asws):

The Prophet (saww) one day said, "Indeed My Lord has promised Me His help and that He will help me by His angels. And Indeed Allah (swt) has helped Me through His angels and from among my family specifically through Ali (sws) My brother."

This was unbearable for the people that the Prophet (saww) singled out Imam Ali (asws) as His Helper, and this made them angry. 

Then Allah (swt) reveled the verses, "Whoever thinks that Allah will not assist him (the Prophet) in this life and the hereafter, let him stretch a rope to the ceiling, then let him cut (it) off, then let him see if his struggle will take away that at which he is enraged." (22:15)

The Imam (asws) said, "He should place the rope around his neck and stretch it to the ceiling of his house until he is strangled/choked and dies. And then he should see if his struggle takes away his anger"

[Source: Tawil al-Ayaat, Pg. 329]

Chapter. 22, Verse. 52-55: Abu Bakr and Umar are inspirations of Satan and Allah (swt) nullifies them by Imam Ali (as)

فانّه روي عن أبي عبد اللَّه عليه السلام انّ رسول اللَّه صلّى اللَّه عليه و آله اصابه خصاصة فجاء الى رجل من الأنصار فقال له هل عندك من طعام قال نعم يا رسول اللَّه و ذبح له عناقاً و شواه فلمّا أدناه منه تمنّى رسول اللَّه صلّى اللَّه عليه و آله ان يكون معه عليّ و فاطمة و الحسن و الحسين عليهم السلام فجاء ابو بكر و عمر ثمّ جاء عليّ بعدهما فأنزل اللَّه عزّ و جلّ في ذلك وَ ما أَرْسَلْنا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ وَ لا نَبِيٍّ وَ لا مُحَدّثٍ إِلَّا إِذا تَمَنَّى أَلْقَى الشَّيْطانُ فِي أُمْنِيَّتِهِ يعني أبا بكر و عمر فَيَنْسَخُ اللَّهُ ما يُلْقِي الشَّيْطانُ يعني لمّا جاء عليّ عليه السلام بعدهما ثُمَّ يُحْكِمُ اللَّهُ آياتِهِ لِلنّاسِ يعني ينصر اللّه امير المؤمنين عليه السلام‏

لِيَجْعَلَ ما يُلْقِي الشَّيْطانُ فِتْنَةً قال يعني فلاناً و فلاناً.  لِلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ قال شك‏

وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهادِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِلى‏ صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ يعني الى الإِمام المستقيم‏

ثم قال: وَ لا يَزالُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي مِرْيَةٍ مِنْهُ أي في شك من أمير المؤمنين ع‏

Abu Abdillah Imam Sadiq (as) said:

"Once the Holy Prophet (saww) felt hungry and he came to a man from ansar's and said to him, 'Do you have any food?' 

The man said, 'Yes O' Messenger of Allah'. And he slaughtered a she goat and roasted/grilled it. When he came with it, the Prophet (saww) desired that Ali (as), Fatema (sa), Hasan (as) and Husain (as) would be with him. Then Abu Bakr and Umar came to the Prophet (saww) and after them Imam Ali (as) came to the Prophet (saww)."

Then Allah (swt) revealed regarding this,

"And We did not send before you any messenger or prophet, but when he desired, the Shaitan made a suggestion respecting his desire [22:52]" -  meaning Abu Bakr and Umar.

"But Allah annuls that which the Shaitan casts [22:52]"  - referring to Imam Ali (as) who came after Abu Bakr and Umar came. 

"Then does Allah establish His communications [22:52]" - meaning Allah (swt) helps Amir al Momineen (as).

"So that He may make what the Shaitan casts a trial [22:53]" - meaning Fulan & Fulan (Abu Bakr and Umar).

"for those in whose hearts is disease [22:53]" - meaning doubt. 

"And most surely Allah is the Guide of those who believe into a straight path [22:54]" - meaning towards the straight (rightful) Imam.

"And those who disbelieve shall not cease to be in doubt concerning it [22:55]" - meaning doubting in Amir al-Momineen (as).

[Source: Tafseer al-Qummi, Vol. 2, Pg. 81-82]

Chapter. 22, Verse. 72

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْعَلَوِيُّ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ دَاوُدَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْإِمَامُ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ (عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ)، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ إِذا تُتْلى عَلَيْهِمْ آياتُنا بَيِّناتٍ تَعْرِفُ فِي وُجُوهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْمُنْكَرَ يَكادُونَ يَسْطُونَ بِالَّذِينَ يَتْلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ آياتِنا الْآيَةَ.

قَالَ: كَانَ الْقَوْمُ إِذَا نَزَلَتْ فِي أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ) آيَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، فِيهَا فَرْضُ طَاعَتِهِ، أَوْ فَضِيلَةٌ فِيهِ، أَوْ فِي أَهْلِهِ سَخِطُوا ذَلِكَ، وَ كَرِهُوا، حَتَّى هَمُّوا بِهِ، وَ أَرَادُوا بِهِ الْعَظِيمَ ، وَ أَرَادُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) أَيْضاً لَيْلَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ، غَيْظاً، وَ حَنَقاً، وَ غَضَباً، وَ حَسَداً، حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ

Narrated by Imam Musa Kazim (as) from His Father (as), about the saying of Allah (swt),

"And when Our clear communications are recited to them you will find denial on the faces of those who disbelieve; they almost attack those who recite to them Our communications. Say: Shall I inform you of what is worse than this? The fire; Allah has promised it to those who disbelieve; and how evil the destination" (22:72)

Imam (as) said, "When any verse in the book of Allah (swt) was revealed for Amir al-Momineen (as) about His obedience being mandatory or any verse in His merit (Fazeelah) or any verse regarding His family, a group of people were angry with it & used to dislike it such that they were concerned about it and decided to do something great about it and they intended even with the Prophet (saww) on the night of al-Aqabah (i.e. intended to kill the Prophet ص) in anger, fury, rage, envy, it's then that this verse was revealed."

[Source: Taweel al-Aayat, Vol. 1, Pg. 350, Hadith. 38]

Chapter. 22, Verse. 77-78

وقال محمد بن العباس (ره): حدثنا محمد بن همام، عن محمد بن إسماعيل العلوي، عن عيسى بن داود، قال: حدثنا الإمام موسى بن جعفر، عن أبيه عليهما السلام في قول الله عز وجل * (يا أيها الذين آمنوا اركعوا واسجدوا) * - إلى آخرها - أمركم بالركوع والسجود وعبادة الله وقد افترضها عليكم وأما فعل الخير فهو طاعة الامام أمير المؤمنين علي بن أبي طالب عليه السلام بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم

Narrated from Imam Musa Kazim (عليه السلام) from His Father (عليه السلام),

About the saying of Allah (عز وجل), "O Those who believe, bow and prostrate and worship your Lord and do good - so that you may succeed" (22:77)

Imam (عليه السلام) said, "Allah (عز وجل) has ordered them to bow, to do prostation and to worship Allah and has made these obligatory upon them. And as for words of the verse "doing good" - it refers to the obedience to Imam Amir al-Momineen Ali ibn Abi Talib (عليه السلام) after the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله)."

[Source: Taweel al-Aayat, Vol. 1, Pg. 351]